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After several years of training the margin for progress narrows and more precision is needed. These routines use periodisation: volume and intensity are not constant but climb for a few weeks and then drop to allow supercompensation. They also add more accessory work to target specific weak points instead of always repeating the same basics.

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Close to failure: the variable that matters most after years of training

With years of training behind you, the easy gains are over and every variable has to be tuned more carefully. One of the most debated is how close to muscular failure to take each set, because always going to the limit spikes fatigue while staying far from it may leave stimulus on the table.

Robinson, Pelland, Remmert, Refalo, Jukic, Steele and Zourdos published a series of meta-regressions in Sports Medicine in 2024 estimating proximity to failure through repetitions in reserve (RIR). They found that hypertrophy increases as sets end closer to failure, while strength gain barely changes across a wide range of proximities.

Effect of getting closer to failure in the meta-regressions by Robinson et al. (2024).
AdaptationWhen sets end closer to failure
HypertrophyIncreases
StrengthBarely changes across a wide range

That asymmetry is the useful part for advanced lifters. In exercises aimed at muscle size, especially isolation work, it makes sense to train with few reps in reserve. In heavy strength-oriented compound lifts, leaving a little more in the tank costs almost no strength and saves fatigue that you would pay for during the rest of the week.

The authors present their results as exploratory and call for studies designed specifically for this question, so they are best taken as well-founded guidance, not a closed rule.

References
  1. Robinson ZP, Pelland JC, Remmert JF, Refalo MC, Jukic I, Steele J, Zourdos MC. Exploring the dose-response relationship between estimated resistance training proximity to failure, strength gain, and muscle hypertrophy: a series of meta-regressions. Sports Medicine. 2024;54(9):2209-2231.

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